Acknowledgements

IOGP thanks those companies that have participated in the data collection programme. This Report was produced by the Safety Committee.

Feedback

IOGP welcomes feedback on our reports: publications@iogp.org

Disclaimer

Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this publication, neither IOGP nor any of its Members past present or future warrants its accuracy or will, regardless of its or their negligence, assume liability for any foreseeable or unforeseeable use made thereof, which liability is hereby excluded. Consequently, such use is at the recipient’s own risk on the basis that any use by the recipient constitutes agreement to the terms of this disclaimer. The recipient is obliged to inform any subsequent recipient of such terms.

Please note that this publication is provided for informational purposes and adoption of any of its recommendations is at the discretion of the user. Except as explicitly stated otherwise, this publication must not be considered as a substitute for government policies or decisions or reference to the relevant legislation relating to information contained in it.

Where the publication contains a statement that it is to be used as an industry standard, IOGP and its Members past, present, and future expressly disclaim all liability in respect of all claims, losses or damages arising from the use or application of the information contained in this publication in any industrial application.

Any reference to third party names is for appropriate acknowledgment of their ownership and does not constitute a sponsorship or endorsement.

Copyright notice

The contents of these pages are © International Association of Oil & Gas Producers. Permission is given to reproduce this report in whole or in part provided (i) that the copyright of IOGP and (ii) the sources are acknowledged. All other rights are reserved. Any other use requires the prior written permission of IOGP.

These Terms and Conditions shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of England and Wales. Disputes arising here from shall be exclusively subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of England and Wales.

REPORT 2023s

May 2025

Revision history

Contents

Contributing companies

The safety statistics were derived from data provided by the following companies:

Introduction

The International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (IOGP) has been collecting safety incident data from its Member Companies globally since 1985. The data collected are entered into the IOGP safety database, which is the largest database of safety performance in the upstream industry.

The principal purpose of the data collection and analysis is to record the global safety performance of the contributing IOGP Member Companies on an annual basis. The submission of data is voluntary and is not mandated by IOGP Membership. The annual reports provide trend analysis, benchmarking and the identification of areas and activities on which efforts should be focused to bring about the greatest improvements in performance.

The IOGP incident reporting system covers worldwide upstream operations, both onshore and offshore, and includes incidents involving both Member Companies and their contractor employees.

The key indicators presented are:

• number of fatalities
• fatal accident rate
• fatal incident rate
• total recordable injury rate
• lost time injury rate
• number of lost work day cases
• number of lost work days
• number of restricted duty cases
• restricted duty days, and
• number of medical treatment cases

The analysis presents contributing IOGP Members’ global results for these indicators, which are then analysed by region, function, and company. A code is used to preserve the anonymity of the reporting company, which will typically report its own data as well as that of its associated contractors (see Appendix C).

In 2010, data collection was initiated to capture 'causal factors' associated with fatal incidents and high potential events. These data are presented in section 2.11 of this Report. Wherever practicable, results are presented graphically.

The data underlying the charts are presented in Appendix B. The causal factors and chart data are available in editable format to logged in IOGP Members.

Narrative descriptions for the fatal incidents and high potential events selected for their learning value that were reported by participating IOGP Member Companies can be found at https://data.iogp.org/Safety/FatalIncidents and https://data.iogp.org/Safety/HighPotentialEvents respectively.

Scope of reporting and data validation

The data requested from participating IOGP Member Companies are published in an annual User Guide, which contains definitions and the scope of the safety data submission. This document is also available from the IOGP publications library at https://www.iogp.org/bookstore/.

The safety data submission process is used for the collection of data relating to safety performance, process safety performance, and motor vehicle crashes. The IOGP safety database has built-in data validation requirements and each company data submission is validated by the IOGP Secretariat and the work group (Safety Committee, Subcommittee, or Expert Group) responsible for the data set in accordance with the IOGP data collection and reporting procedure. Any communication with reporting companies is conducted by the IOGP Secretariat and any data validated by an IOGP work group is blind coded to preserve the anonymity of the reporting companies.

A self-assessment questionnaire is included within the data submission process to determine the alignment between the requested data and the company submissions. The information provided in this questionnaire is also used in the validation process. Data that appear to be incorrect and that cannot be confirmed by the submitting company as correct may be excluded from the data set at the discretion of the Secretariat.

Notable changes to the data request include:

• The fatal incident activity category “Excavation, trenching, ground disturbance” was added in 2019.
• The incident cause category of “Dropped objects” was added in 2018. The categories “Caught in, under or between” and "Struck by" were modified to exclude dropped objects.
• The incident cause category of "Aviation Accident" was introduced in 2016. Aviation accidents were previously included in the "Other" incident category.

The scope of data included within this Report is detailed in Appendix A.

Data series

Other IOGP Data Reports published annually include:

• Fatality and permenent impairment injury data
• Aviation safety data
• Environmental performance indicators
• Health performance indicators
• Motor vehicle crash data
• Process safety event data

Additionally a Fatality and Permanent Impairment report was published in 2025 for 2022 and 2023 data.

These are available from the IOGP website http://www.iogp.org/bookstore.

Environmental performance indicators, Process safety events, Motor vehicle crash data, Health performance indicators, and the Safety performance indicators published in this Report are also available in electronic format in IOGP's data website at https://data.iogp.org/.

1. Summary of 2023 results

This section summarizes the safety performance of contributing IOGP Member Companies for 2023.

The key performance indicators (KPI) used to benchmark safety performance in this section are:

• number of fatalities
• fatal accident rate (FAR)
• total recordable injury rate (TRIR)
• lost time injury rate (LTIR)

Third party fatalities are not included in this analysis.

1.1 General

The safety performance of contributing IOGP Member Companies in 2023 is based on the analysis of 3,291 million work hours of data.

Submissions were made by 58 of the 71 operating company IOGP Members.

The data reported cover operations in 92 countries.

The resulting fatal accident rate (0.82) is 36% lower than last year’s figure (1.28).

1.2 Fatalities

Against the background of a 28% increase in work hours reported, the number of fatalities has decreased from 33 in 2022 to 27 in 2023. The 27 fatalities occurred in 17 separate incidents. The resulting fatal accident rate (0.82) is 36% lower than last year’s figure (1.28). The company and contractor FAR are 0.68 and 0.87 respectively. Onshore and offshore FAR are 0.90 and 0.59 respectively.

Each reported fatal incident is allocated a work activity and cause. With regard to the cause, 30% of the fatalities reported in 2023 were the result of incidents categorized as 'Assault or violent act' (8 fatalities in 2 separate incidents).

Fatalities categorized as 'Explosion, fire or burns' accounted for 19% of the fatalities, with 5 fatalities in 3 separate incidents.

4 fatalities were reported in 3 separate incidents that were categorized as 'Caught in, under or between (excl. dropped objects)' and 2 fatalities were reported in a single incident that was categorized as 'Water related, drowning'.

With regard to the Activity, 26% of the fatalities reported in 2023 were the result of incidents categorized as 'Transport - Land' (7 fatalities in 4 separate incidents).

Fatalities categorized as 'Production operations' also accounted for 26% of the fatalities, with 7 fatalities in 2 separate incidents.

4 fatalities were reported in 3 separate incidents in the 'Maintenance, inspection, testing' activity, and 3 fatalities were reported in 3 separate incidents in the 'Drilling, workover, well operations' activity.

The fatal accident rate for 2023 is 0.82, 36% lower than the 2022 rate (1.28). The company-only FAR for 2023 is 0.68, 127% higher than the rate for 2022 (0.30). The Contractor-only FAR is 0.87, 46% lower than the rate for 2022 (1.62).

1.3 Total recordable injuries

The overall total recordable injury rate (TRIR) (fatalities, lost work day cases, restricted work day cases, and medical treatment cases) was 0.84, 7% lower than in 2022 (0.90).

1.4 Lost time injuries

The overall lost time injury rate (LTIR) (fatalities and lost work day cases) was 0.24, 14% lower than in 2022 (0.28).

The participating IOGP Member Companies reported 750 lost work day cases (injuries resulting in at least one day off work);

• 563 incidents were contractor related.
• 187 incidents were company related.

Participating companies reported 30,246 days of work lost through injuries.

Figure 7 shows the percentage of LWDC by cause.

• 175 cases, 23% of the total, were categorized as 'Slips and trips (at same height)': 2022 results showed 130 cases, accounting for 19% of the total.
• 'Caught in, under or between (excl. dropped objects)' accounted for 144 cases, 19% of the total (122 cases, 18% of the total in 2022).
• 'Struck by (not dropped object)' accounted for 126 cases, 17% of the total (104 cases, 15% of the total in 2022).

Figure 8 shows the percentage of LWDC by activity.

• 154 cases, 21% of the total, were categorized as 'Maintenance, inspection, testing': 2022 results showed 129 cases, accounting for 19% of the total.
• 'Drilling, workover, well operations' accounted for 133 cases, 18% of the total (142 cases, 21% of the total in 2022).
• 'Production operations' accounted for 123 cases, 16% of the total (120 cases, 18% of the total in 2022).

See Appendix B - Section 1 for data tables.

2. 2023 results

In this section, the primary indicators used to measure contributing IOGP Member Companies’ safety performance are:

• number and nature of fatalities
• total recordable injury rate (TRIR)
• fatal accident rate (FAR)
• fatal incident rate (FIR)
• lost time injury rate (LTIR)

Third party incidents are not included in this Report.

2.1 Fatalities

27 company and contractor fatalities were reported in 2023. This is 6 fewer than were reported in 2022 and 7 more than in 2021.

The 27 fatalities occurred in 17 separate incidents.

2.2 Fatal accident rate (FAR)

In 2023 there were 6 company fatalities (2 in 2022) as a result of 4 separate incidents.

In 2023 there were 21 contractor fatalities (31 in 2022) as a result of 13 separate incidents.

All hours in the database were used for calculations of FAR.

The difference between the onshore and offshore fatal accident rate (FAR) displays a large variation over the 10-year period shown in Figure 11. Neither is consistently lower. This is generally attributable to single "transportation", "fire and explosion", or "assault/violent act" incidents involving high numbers of fatalities.

2.3 Fatal incident rate (FIR)

The fatal incident rate (FIR) is a measure of the rate at which fatal incidents occur, in contrast to the FAR which measures the rate of fatalities. Accordingly, for company and contractor fatalities, the FIR will be less than or equal to the FAR. Comparison of FAR and FIR gives an indication of the magnitude of the incidents in terms of lives lost.

Overall, the FIR decreased by 54% compared with last year (17 fatal incidents in 2023, 29 fatal incidents in 2022).

All hours in the database were used for calculations of FIR.

2.4 Fatalities by incident cause and activity

11 of the 17 fatal incidents involved one fatality. 6 incidents involved 2 or more fatalities.

2.5 Total recordable injury rate (TRIR)

Submissions without information on medical treatment cases were filtered out, leaving a dataset of 3,291 million hours, 100% of the database. There were 2,773 reported recordable injuries (fatalities + LWDC + RWDC + MTC where MTC are reported), which equates to an average of 53 recordable injuries every week of the year or 8 injuries every day of the year. See Appendix A – Database dimensions.

An overall decrease in TRIR of 7% is seen in 2023.

2.6 Lost time injury rate (LTIR)

There were 750 reported lost work day cases resulting in at least one day off work, which equates to an average of 14 injuries resulting in at least one day off work every week of the year or more than 2 injuries every day of the year.

For calculations of LTIR, all hours in the database were used. See 2.8 Severity of lost work day cases for further information on lost work day case severity.

2.7 Lost work day case causes and activities

Of the 750 reported lost work day cases resulting in at least one day off work, 563 incidents (75%) were contractor-related and 187 (25%) were company-related (514 and 168 respectively for 2022).

The lost work day case cause was provided for all lost work day cases reported, although 6% of the cases were categorized as 'Other'.

Figure 23 shows the percentage of LWDCs within each of the reporting categories for 2023.

• Slips and trips (at same height) accounted for 175 cases, 23.3% of LWDCs where the cause was given. 2022 results showed 130 cases accounting for 19.1%.
• Caught in, under or between (excl. dropped objects) accounted for 145 cases, 19.3% of the total. 2022 results showed 122 cases accounting for 17.9%.
• Struck by (not dropped object) accounted for 126 cases, 16.8% of the total. 2022 results showed 104 cases accounting for 15.2%.

Results were very similar to previous years.

Of the 750 reported lost work day cases resulting in at least one day off work, 429 incidents (57%) were related to onshore activity and 321 (43%) were related to offshore activity (387 and 295 respectively for 2022).

Lost work day case activities were reported for all of the 750 lost work day cases reported, although 15% of the cases were categorized as 'Unspecified - Other'.

2.8 Severity of lost work day cases (LWDC)

IOGP Member Companies reported a total of 30,246 days lost (LWDC days) through injuries.

• The number of days lost was reported for 605 of the 750 lost work day cases reported.
• The offshore LWDC severity is 21% higher than onshore.
• The LWDC severity for contractors is 22% higher than for company employees.

The figure below shows the average number of days lost per LWDC in 2023 compared with the average for the previous five-year period. A 5% increase is shown in overall LWDC severity when compared with the previous five-year period.

2.9 Severity of restricted work day cases (RWDC)

For calculations of restricted work day case severity:

• Submissions without information on days assigned to restricted activities were filtered out, leaving a database of 2,521 million hours (77% of the total database), and 398 restricted work day cases.
• In 2022, this database was 1,847 million hours, 72% of the total database.

In total, 9,740 days were restricted (RWDC days) as a result of restricted work day cases, in the sense that normal duties could not be performed.

See Appendix A and Appendix C.

The figure below shows the average number of days restricted per RWDC in 2023 compared with the average for the previous five-year period. The overall average shows no change compared with the average for the previous five-year period.

2.10 Incident triangles

In this section, the relative numbers of types of occupational injury are shown in the form of ‘incident triangles’. The ratios have been corrected to account for the absence, in some data submissions, of medical treatment cases.

The varying ratio of fatalities to lost time injuries to recordable injuries for 2022-2023 challenges the traditional notion of recordable injuries and lost time injuries overall as a precursor to fatalities, as shown in the incident triangles.

2.11 Causal factors

The allocation of ‘causal factors’ to fatal incidents and high potential events was requested as part of the data submission. IOGP first began recording causal factors in 2010. Users now have 13 years worth of data on this topic to use for comparisons.

To standardize the response, an IOGP glossary and list of causal factors was provided to Member Companies as part of the IOGP user guide. The causal factors list is divided into two sections:

• People (Acts) classifications usually involve either the actions of a person or actions which were required but not carried out or were incorrectly performed. There are four major categories of actions, with an additional level of detail under each of the major categories.
• Process (Conditions) classifications usually involve some type of physical hazard or organizational aspect out of the control of the individual. There are five major classification categories, with an additional level of detail under each of the major categories.

2.12 Fatal incident causal factors

Causal factors are divided into two separate groups, People (Acts) and Process (Conditions), see Report 2023su Safety data reporting user guide – 2023 data and Glossary for details.

• 10 of the 17 fatal incidents reported were assigned causal factors (27 of 29 in 2022).
• 23 causal factors were assigned for the 10 fatal incidents (88 in 2022).
• Between 1 and 5 causal factors were assigned per incident (between 1 and 7 in 2022).

The causal factors assigned to fatal incidents are shown in Table 21. The highlighted content indicates the top ten causal factors assigned to fatal incidents in 2023 compared with the previous 9 years. 4 of the causal factors were in the top ten for the 10 years shown, and for each of the 10 years for which data were reported.

Additional information on the fatal incidents reported by region can be found at https://data.iogp.org/Safety/FatalIncidents. The information provided includes a narrative description of the incident, the corrective actions and recommendations, and the causal factors assigned by the reporting company.

2.13 High potential event causal factors

High potential events are defined as 'an event which could have, under slightly different circumstances, realistically resulted in a fatal incident'. Participating companies are invited to submit a small number of high potential event reports and to select those with the greatest learning value. The data reported here therefore do not represent the total number of events for the participating companies, so care should be taken in interpreting the data presented in this section.

• 127 of the 131 high potential events reported were assigned causal factors (104 of 106 in 2022).
• 398 causal factors were assigned for the 127 high potential events (343 in 2022).
• Between 1 and 13 causal factors were assigned per event (between 1 and 12 in 2022).

The causal factors assigned to high potential events are shown in Table 23. The highlighted content indicates the top ten causal factors assigned to high potential events in 2023 compared with the previous 9 years. 5 of the causal factors were in the top ten for the 10 years shown.

Additional information on the high potential events reported by region can be found at https://data.iogp.org/Safety/HighPotentialEvents. The information provided includes a narrative description of the incident, the corrective actions and recommendations, and the causal factors assigned by the reporting company.

2.14 Life-Saving Rules

In 2010, IOGP released IOGP Report 459 - Life-Saving Rules, intended for use by the oil and gas industry to mitigate risk and reduce fatalities. Each IOGP Life-Saving Rule consisted of a simple icon and descriptive text, providing clear, simple, and consistent communication about risks in the workplace.

These Rules were developed by using the fatal incident and high potential event data from the 1991 to 2010 Safety Performance Indicators Reports to identify the events and activities that are the highest risk and therefore provide clear instructions on how to avoid them.

In 2018, IOGP re-examined the applicability of the 2010 Rules against the most recent fatality data. With the 2018 revision of Report 459, IOGP launched a simplified set of Life-Saving Rules (Figure 41) to provide workers in the industry with the actions they can take to protect themselves and their colleagues from fatalities. With a reduced number of rules (9 reduced from 18), but still covering a similar scope, IOGP aims to improve the level of industry-wide adoption across the global oil and gas industry.

Figure 41: Life-Saving Rules (from IOGP Report 459)

In 2021, IOGP released IOGP Report 459-1 - Life-Saving Rules – Start Work Checks, a set of standardized and simplified checklists of safeguards that workers complete at the job location immediately before work commences. The Start Work Checks are supplemental to the Life-Saving Rules (Report 459).

Assessment of the applicability of the IOGP Life-Saving Rules to fatal incident descriptions for 2023 data has shown that at least 76% of the fatal incidents reported are covered by the IOGP Life-Saving Rules and may have been prevented by the adoption of this system.

Incidents where there was no applicable rule have been excluded from figure 42.

Incidents where there was no applicable rule have been excluded from figure 44.

See Appendix B - Section 2 for data tables.

3. Results by region

In this section, the safety performance of the contributing IOGP Members is presented for regions and individual countries within those regions.

Indicators used to measure contributing IOGP Member Companies’ safety performance are:

• number of fatalities
• fatal accident rate (FAR)
• total recordable injury rate (TRIR)
• lost time injury rate (LTIR)
• FAR, TRIR, and LTIR five-year rolling averages
• severity of lost work day cases
• individual country performance
• incident triangles by region
• fatalities by incident category and activity

Third party fatalities are not included in this analysis.

Maps showing the division of countries into regions, and the work hours and number of participating companies by country, are provided in Appendix D.

Countries and companies that are subject to international sanctions (Russia and Iran) are not featured in this Report for 2022 and 2023 data.

3.1 Fatalities

Table 26 shows the number of fatal incidents and fatalities in each of the seven regions into which the data are partitioned.

3.2 Fatal accident rate (FAR)

Further fatal accident rate analysis is presented in Section 3.5, where five-year rolling averages of FAR are presented for each of the regions.

3.3 Total recordable injury rate (TRIR)

Submissions without information on medical treatment cases were filtered out, leaving a database of 3,291 million hours (almost 100% of the database). See Appendix A – Database dimensions.

3.4 Lost time injury rate (LTIR)

Further analysis of the lost time injuries is presented in Section 3.5, where five-year rolling averages of LTIR are presented for each of the regions.

3.5 FAR, TRIR, and LTIR five-year rolling averages

In order to smooth out variability in the annual values for the regional FAR, TRIR, and LTIR, five-year rolling averages are computed, which should provide a more reliable indicator of performance trends.

The figures show FAR, TRIR, and LTIR 5-year rolling averages for each of the regions and includes the ‘overall’ curve.

3.6 Severity of lost work day cases

The number of days lost was reported for 81% of lost work day cases.

The severity of lost work day cases is the highest in the Russia & Central Asia region (70 days lost per LWDC in 2023). This is virtually unchanged compared with the average for the previous five-year period.

Data table 4 in Appendix A provides further information on the proportion of the database that can be used for lost work day case severity. 99% of the data submitted for Africa and 99% of the data submitted for the Middle East were usable for this metric, in comparison with only 51% of equivalent data for North America, and 64% for Europe. At least 93% of the data submitted for all other regions were usable for this metric.

3.7 Individual country performance

The safety performance reported by participating IOGP Member Companies in individual countries is presented in terms of the lost time injury rate of companies jointly with contractors. To preserve the anonymity of companies, performance is only published for those countries for which at least 2 companies have reported statistics. Countries with less than 50,000 reported work hours are excluded, since results for such small populations of hours would be unrepresentative. Overall averages and regional averages include data from all countries regardless of work hours or number of contributing companies.

25 of the 92 countries for which data have been reported are excluded by these constraints.

TRIR calculations exclude data where medical treatment cases are not reported. The chart of relative TRIR performance therefore compares the 2023 performance with that of 2022 and 2021 for all of the 67 countries.

The majority of countries in Africa, Asia/Australasia, Russia & Central Asia, the Middle East, and South & Central America achieved a TRIR equal to or lower than the overall average TRIR (0.84). The majority of countries in Europe and North America show a TRIR higher than the global average.

The chart of relative LTIR performance for the 67 countries compares the 2023 performance with that of 2022 and 2021.

The majority of countries in Africa, Asia/Australasia, Russia & Central Asia, and the Middle East achieved a LTIR equal to or lower than the overall average LTIR (0.24). The majority of countries in Europe, North America, and South & Central America show a LTIR higher than the global average.

For comparison, the 5-year rolling average FAR is shown for each of the regions. There appears to be little if any correlation between these values and the regional average LTIR and TRIR values.

3.8 Incident triangles by region

In this section, the relative numbers of types of occupational injury are shown in the form of ‘incident triangles’. The ratios have been corrected to account for the absence, in some data submissions, of medical treatment cases.

See Appendix B - Section 3 for data tables.

4. Results by function

In this section, safety performance within different functions performed in the E&P industry is presented for 2023. Functions are defined as ‘exploration’, ‘drilling’, ‘production’, ‘construction’, and ‘unspecified’.

See the Glossary of Terms for definitions.

The percentage of the total work hours reported under each function has been detailed below. See Appendix B for further data.

4.1 Fatalities

The distribution of company and contractor fatal incidents and fatalities between the functions is shown for the years 2019-2023.

4.2 FAR, TRIR, and LTIR five-year rolling averages

In order to smooth out variability in the annual values for TRIR, FAR, and LTIR by function, five-year rolling averages are computed which should provide a more reliable indicator of performance trends.

For calculations of TRIR submissions without information on medical treatment cases were removed, leaving a database of 3,291 million hours, almost 100% of the database. See Appendix A for more details.

4.3 Severity of lost work day cases

The overall average number of days lost per lost work day case (LWDC) is 50.0 in 2023 (41.3 in 2022).

Offshore, the LWDC severity is 56.1 days lost per LWDC compared with 46.2 days for onshore activities (34.9 and 45.4 respectively for 2022).

See Section 2.8 for additional information and Section 3.6 for LWDC severity by region.

4.4 Exploration performance

Total recordable injury rate – exploration

Figures 66 and 67 show the TRIR for companies and contractors for exploration related activities in different regions of the world. The 2023 result is compared with average TRIR results in the previous five-year period.

43 million work hours (100% of reported exploration work hours) were used in this analysis, of which company activities represent 38% and contractor activities represent 62%. This represents an increase of 14 million work hours compared with 2022 (29 million work hours in 2022: 41% company, 59% contractor).

In 2023, the overall TRIR values for companies and contractors engaged in exploration activities are 0.12 and 0.68 respectively; the overall average TRIR for exploration activities is 0.47.

Further information on exploration TRIR by region is available in Appendix B - Table B35.

Figures 68 and 69 show the LTIR for companies and contractors for exploration related activities in different regions of the world. The 2023 result is compared with average LTIR results in the previous five-year period.

43 million work hours (100% of reported exploration work hours) were used in this analysis, of which company activities represent 38% and contractor activities represent 62% (41% company, 59% contractor in 2022). This represents an increase of 14 million work hours compared with 2022.

In 2023, the overall LTIR values for companies and contractors engaged in exploration activities are 0.06 and 0.30 respectively; the overall average LTIR for exploration activities is 0.21.

Further information on exploration LTIR by region is available in Appendix B - Table B36.

4.5 Drilling performance

Total recordable injury rate – drilling

Figures 70 and 71 show the TRIR for companies and contractors for drilling related activities in different regions of the world. The 2023 result is compared with average TRIR results in the previous five-year period.

494 million work hours (100% of reported drilling work hours) were used in this analysis, of which company activities represent 14% and contractor activities represent 86%. This represents an increase of 167 million work hours compared with 2022 (326 million work hours in 2022: 13% company, 87% contractor).

In 2023, the overall TRIR values for companies and contractors engaged in drilling activities are 0.41 and 1.44 respectively; the overall average TRIR for drilling activities is 1.29.

Further information on drilling TRIR by region is available in Appendix B - Table B.37.

Figures 72 and 73 show the LTIR for companies and contractors for drilling related activities in different regions of the world. The 2023 result is compared with average LTIR results in the previous five-year period.

494 million work hours (100% of reported drilling work hours) were used in this analysis, of which company activities represent 14% and contractor activities represent 86% (13% company, 87% contractor in 2022). This represents an increase of 167 million work hours compared with 2022.

In 2023, the overall LTIR values for companies and contractors engaged in drilling activities are 0.14 and 0.33 respectively; the overall average LTIR for drilling activities is 0.30.

Further information on drilling LTIR by region is available in Appendix B - Table B.38.

4.6 Production performance

Total recordable injury rate – production

Figures 74 and 75 show the TRIR for companies and contractors for production related activities, in different regions of the world. The 2023 result is compared with average TRIR results in the previous five-year period.

1,500 million work hours (100% of reported production work hours) were used in this analysis, of which company activities represent 30% and contractor activities represent 70%. This represents an increase of 277 million work hours compared with 2022 (1,223 million work hours in 2022: 27% company, 73% contractor).

In 2023, the overall TRIR values for companies and contractors engaged in production activities are 0.72 and 0.86 respectively; the overall average TRIR for production activities is 0.82.

Further information on production TRIR by region is available in Appendix B - Table B39.

Figures 76 and 77 show the LTIR for companies and contractors for production related activities, in different regions of the world. The 2023 result is compared with average LTIR results in the previous five-year period.

1,500 million work hours (100% of reported production work hours) were used in this analysis, of which company activities represent 30% and contractor activities represent 70% (30% company, 70% contractor in 2022). This represents an increase of 233 million work hours compared with 2022.

In 2023, the overall LTIR values for companies and contractors engaged in production activities are 0.30 and 0.26 respectively; the overall average LTIR for production activities is 0.27.

Further information on production LTIR by region is available in Appendix B - Table B40.

4.7 Construction performance

The company and contractor results for 2023 construction performance are presented below.

Construction activities are predominately conducted by contractors therefore the work hours reported for contractors are much greater than those reported for company employees. Refer to Appendix B for detailed information.

Total recordable injury rate – construction

Figures 78 and 79 show the TRIR for companies and contractors for construction related activities in different regions of the world. The 2023 result is compared with average TRIR results in the previous five-year period.

605 million work hours (100% of reported construction work hours) were used in this analysis, of which company activities represent 10% and contractor activities represent 90%. This represents an increase of 144 million work hours compared with 2022 (461 million work hours in 2022: 9% company, 91% contractor).

In 2023, the overall TRIR values for companies and contractors engaged in construction activities are 0.47 and 0.78 respectively; the overall average TRIR for construction activities is 0.75.

Further information on construction TRIR by region is available in Appendix B - Table B41.

Figures 80 and 81 show the LTIR for companies and contractors for construction related activities in different regions of the world. The 2023 result is compared with average LTIR results in the previous five-year period.

605 million work hours (100% of reported construction work hours) were used in this analysis, of which company activities represent 10% and contractor activities represent 90% (9% company, 91% contractor in 2022). This represents an increase of 144 million work hours compared with 2022.

In 2023, the overall LTIR values for companies and contractors engaged in construction activities are 0.22 and 0.14 respectively; the overall average LTIR for construction activities is 0.15.

Further information on construction LTIR by region is available in Appendix B - Table B42.

4.8 Unspecified performance

Total recordable injury rate – unspecified

Figures 82 and 83 show the TRIR for companies and contractors for activities categorized as 'unspecified' in different regions of the world. The 2023 result is compared with average TRIR results in the previous five-year period.

650 million work hours (100% of reported unspecified work hours) were used in this analysis, of which company activities represent 43% and contractor activities represent 57%. This represents an increase of 155 million work hours compared with 2022 (495 million work hours in 2022: 38% company, 62% contractor).

In 2023, the overall TRIR values for companies and contractors engaged in activities where the work function was not specified are 0.43 and 0.84 respectively; the overall average TRIR for unspecified activities is 0.66.

Further information on unspecified TRIR by region is available in Appendix B - Table B43.

Figures 84 and 85 show the LTIR for companies and contractors for activities categorized as 'unspecified' in different regions of the world. The 2023 result is compared with average LTIR results in the previous five-year period.

650 million work hours (100% of reported unspecified work hours) were used in this analysis, of which company activities represent 43% and contractor activities represent 57% (38% company, 62% contractor in 2022). This represents an increase of 155 million work hours compared with 2022.

In 2023, the overall LTIR values for companies and contractors engaged in activities where the work function was not specified are 0.11 and 0.23 respectively; the overall average LTIR for unspecified activities is 0.18.

Reported under the ‘unspecified’ function in 2023 were:

• 0 company and 8 contractor fatalities
• 32 company and 78 contractor lost work day cases

Reported under the ‘unspecified’ function from 2018 to 2022 were:

• 4 company and 13 contractor fatalities
• 95 company and 244 contractor lost work day cases

Further information on unspecified LTIR by region is available in Appendix B - Table B44.

See Appendix B - Section 4 for data tables.

5. Results by Company

5.1 Overall company results

This section compares the safety performance of individual companies with each other and with their performance in previous years.

For reasons of anonymity each of the companies that has contributed relevant data and is to be included in this analysis has been allocated a unique code letter (A to ZZ). These codes change every year in line with LTIR performance. 4 companies were excluded from this analysis because they did not report contractor data. Results for 54 of the 58 participating companies are therefore shown in this section. In 2023, IOGP Member Companies reported 21 contractor and 6 company employee fatalities.

5.1.1 Fatal accident rate

In Figure 86, the FAR is presented for those companies that, with their contractors, reported more than 50 million work hours. 19 companies met this criterion in 2023, compared with 13 companies in 2022. Companies are presented in rank order of company-with-contractor FAR. The analysis shows that:

• 11 of the 19 companies with their contractors had a lower FAR than the average for companies with contractors reporting more than 50 million work hours (0.62).
• 9 of the 19 companies suffered one or more fatalities.
• 10 of the 19 companies reported no fatalities.

5.1.2 Total recordable injury rate

The TRIR for companies together with their contractors is presented below. Data are only included where Medical Treatment Cases (MTC) are reported. All 54 companies that reported both company and contractor data qualified for inclusion in this section.

The TRIR for company alone is plotted alongside the TRIR for company and contractors jointly. Details of results are tabulated in Appendix B.

In 13 instances, contractors achieved a lower TRIR than the companies they were employed by.

In Figure 88, the TRIR for contractors alone is plotted alongside the TRIR for company and contractors jointly.

In figure 89, the TRIR is presented for those companies that, with their contractors, reported more than 50 million work hours. 19 companies met this criterion in 2023, compared with 13 in 2022. Companies are shown in rank order of the company-with-contractor TRIR, for companies alone, contractors alone, and company-with-contractor.

8 of the 19 companies with their contractors had a lower TRIR than the overall average for companies with their contractors reporting more than 50 million work hours (0.82).

5.1.3 Lost time injury rate

The figure shows the LTIR in rank order for companies together with their contractors. 54 of the 58 participating companies (A to ZZ) contributed both company and contractor data, although not always for every country in which operations were conducted. Data for all 54 companies that submitted both company and contractor data are therefore included in this section.

The LTIR for company alone is plotted alongside the LTIR for company and contractors jointly. The incidence of a fatality in either company or contractor operations is also indicated*. Detailed results are tabulated in Appendix B. The analysis shows that:

• 49 of the 54 companies with their contractors delivered a LTIR of less than 1.
• 11 of the companies presented below suffered one or more fatality.
• In 15 instances, contractors achieved a lower LTIR than the companies they were employed by.
• 8 companies reported an LTIR of zero for company and contractors combined.

In Figure 93, the LTIR is presented for those companies that, with their contractors, reported more than 50 million work hours. 19 companies met this criterion in 2023, compared with 13 in 2022. The analysis shows that:

• 12 of the 19 companies with their contractors had a lower LTIR than the overall average for companies with their contractors reporting more than 50 million work hours (0.21).
• 9 of the 19 companies suffered one or more fatalities.

The remaining 35 companies which, with their contractors, reported less than 50 million work hours are presented below, in rank order of the company-with-contractor LTIR.

• 21 of the 35 companies with their contractors had a lower LTIR than the overall average for smaller companies with contractors (0.39).
• 2 of the 35 smaller companies presented below suffered one or more fatalities.

5.2 Company results by function

Results of companies, together with their contractors, have been analysed by function to allow more in-depth benchmarking between companies. The TRIR indicator has been selected, and the ranked results are shown in the following charts. Only companies that provided data by function are included, and then only those companies that reported more than 100,000 hours worked. Results against smaller numbers of hours would not have statistical significance. The company code letters are the same as used elsewhere in this section.

TRIR results by function can be found in Appendix B - Table 46.

See Appendix B - Section 5 for data tables.

Appendix A - Database dimensions

The database for the year 2023 covers 3,291,382,000 work hours reported in the upstream sector of the oil and gas industry. The database is 27% bigger than it was in 2022.

• 74% of the hours reported were associated with onshore activities, 26% with offshore activities.
• 92 countries are represented in the database, the same number as in the 2022 database. Countries are listed in the 'Countries' section.
• 58 companies contributed data, of which 54 companies contributed contractor statistics, though not in every case for each country of operation.
• Of the 58 companies, 49 had contributed data in 2022 which accounted for 99% of the database in 2022 and 83% of the database in 2023. 45 of the companies submitting 2023 data had also provided data in 2021.
• 15 of the companies contributed 76% of the hours. 5 companies covered 38% of the hours, and the largest contributor accounted for 12%.
• 27% of the reported work hours were related to company personnel and 73% were related to contractors.

A summary of the key elements of the database is shown in the table at the end of this section.

‘Unspecified (as a work function)’ is used for the entry of data associated with office personnel whose work hours and incident data cannot be reasonably assigned to the administrative support of one of the function groupings of exploration, drilling, production or construction. Corporate overhead support function personnel such as finance or human resources staff may be examples where work hours cannot be specifically assigned to a particular function. All other data that are not separated out by function are reported as ‘unspecified’.

See Appendix B - Database dimensions for data tables.